Neural correlates of pragmatic processing in adolescents

Abstract: Understanding indirect speech, i.e., when an utterance does not match the intended meaning, is one of many pragmatic abilities at play in conversation. While the development of pragmatic abilities starts early, they continually develop throughout adolescence although this period is understudied. Recent fMRI-results in adults suggest that pragmatic processing is segregable from other skills, such as core language, theory of mind (ToM), and cognitive control functions. In this thesis, pragmatic processing was investigated in adolescents contrasting indirect and direct speech. Brain activity was measured using fMRI in adolescents listening to short conversations and existing data from adults was used to investigate age-related effects. The bilateral occipital gyri and the cuneus showed stronger activation in adolescents when listening to indirect speech. The cuneus has previously been implicated in ToM-tasks and socio-emotional processing. The results support earlier accounts of differing neural signatures of ToM with age and heightened social sensitivity in adolescence, and could mean that pragmatics draws more on ToM at younger ages. Additional results showed an interaction while listening to parts of the conversations not manipulated by the main contrast: greater activation in adults could in part reflect differences in attention or engagement.