When Hungary and Poland Spoke the Language of Securitization Perfectly

Abstract: The dissertation explores the refugees and EU securitization processes pursued by Hungary and Poland during the period of refugees’ crisis. The securitization theory is used along with CDA and topos tool to analyse the politicians’ speeches and statements, the joint reports of the two countries, besides Orbán’s national consultations. Where a clear security language in all of these sources that link multidimensional security threats to both refugees and the EU was discovered. Although the two countries differed in producing and reusing the contexts and words that were relied on different spatiotemporal location, but they shared one result. Where “exceptional” hostile policies towards both refugees and EU were adopted. Based on this result, the dissertation argues first: the common security fear from refugees enhanced the similarity in securitization processes on the micro level. This led to creating a bipolar regional security complex that enhanced the legitimacy of both countries’ anti-immigration policies. Second: the common Eurosceptic sentiments that transformed into the processes of securitizing the union itself as a threat -at the aforementioned levels- reinforced the legitimacy of their position on non-compliance with the union's immigration policies. The Securitization theory, which was developed by CS, is applied to the data that the dissertation collects through the use of CDA and topos tool. In order to understand the relationship between securitizing both refugees and EU as multidimensional security threats and the anti-refugees, moreover the refusal of EU’s immigration policies. Where they gained the legitimacy despite their violation of EU and international obligations, furthermore human rights.