Living in Transition Societal transitions from a youth perspective in Bhutan

Abstract: The purpose of this thesis was to contribute to a more holistic understanding of youth experiences under the phenomenon of societal transitions caused by processes of modernization. Bhutan has been subjected to major changes in terms of economic development, political and societal transitions. The group mostly associated with this modernization and globalization process is the youth living in the capital Thimphu. Giddens, Beck and Bauman’s theories on modernization and globalization have been employed to understand the transitions in Bhutan from an individual and structural perspective. Primary fieldwork was carried out in Thimphu from September to December 2014. Empirical data was gained through qualitative face to face in-depth interviews and observations. The findings highlight the importance of community vitality for youth experiencing societal transitions. The research suggests that modernization and globalization processes are experienced as contrasting by the youth, implying new freedoms and possibilities, and exclusions and constraints at the same time. Gross National Happiness as a development paradigm, which balances material, spiritual, cultural and emotional needs, was revealed as a bridge of traditional and modern life as well as the guide to envision a modern sense of self without losing traditional benefits.