The Role of Small-Scale Photovoltaics in Transitioning to a Sustainable Energy System : Shining a light on Austria and Sweden

Abstract: To tackle the global sustainability challenge, the energy system needs to transition towards a sustainable system, since it is responsible for two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce emissions researchers urged for a 100% renewable based energy system, in which photovoltaic (PV) energy production is seen as a key component. Social aspects should be considered and participation from individuals is needed. This thesis aims to answer the question“How can small-scale photovoltaics (SSPV) contribute to a transition towards a sustainableenergy system?” The case of Austria and Sweden. This thesis conducted 10 in-depth semistructured qualitative interviews from each country, applying PESTLE framework in coding. Results were assessed through a unique combination of Backcasting as a lens, eight Sustainability Principles (8 SPs), and PESTLE. SSPV enables individual contribution to the energy transition. SSPV has a limited role to play in the energy system in Austria, but even more limited in Sweden. Both countries are currently overwhelmed with the demand for SSPV. Since SSPV is not sustainable according to the 8 SPs the method of Backcasting should be repeatedly applied for SSPV to assess if this trend is truly contributing to a sustainable energy system.