A Sustainability Study of NFV versus PNF in an MSC-Server : An African Country Case Study

Abstract: The telecom sector contributes to 1.6% of global emissions and is expanding to meet the increasing demand, raising concerns regarding energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This study investigates the potential of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology to decrease the operating carbon footprint and additionally aid to reach NetZero goals by 2040. A comparative case study with a network located in an African country evaluated the Mobile Switching Center Server (MSC-S) in a Physical Network Function (PNF) versus NFV deployment. To evaluate the results a Green ICT evaluation framework has been utilized, containing three sections Green ICT Strategy, Green ICT Practice, and Green ICT Measure, and has been adjusted to fit the context of the case. Initial results showed that the MSC-S with the NFV deployment consumes significantly more energy than the previous PNF solution. This was suspected to be a consequence of non-optimized hardware utilization. In a scenario analysis, it was shown that increased hardware efficiency for the NFV technology leads to lower operating energy consumption. However, the derived configurations could potentially lead to redundancy and service issues. The results from both the base case and scenario analysis were further evaluated with the refined framework. A final framework was suggested considering Green ICT Learnings and Contextual factors to facilitate the evaluation and strategy for future Green ICT initiatives.