Transportation of hydrogen : A comprehensive analysis of the cost of different methods of transportation of hydrogen

Abstract: Today, the world faces an energy source transformation that is difficult to grasp. To convert to a green energy society, carbon, oil, and natural gas must faze out as fuels during the upcoming decades. Hydrogen gas has received a lot of attention in recent years regarding the challenges in the energy sector, not only because of its multifunctionality as a fuel but also because it is a great energy carrier. The largest part of the green hydrogen gas produced in the future will be made in locations with great possibilities to produce hydrogen gas from solar energy. This means that a huge amount of this will need to be transported (and stored correctly during transportation) to countries with an increased industrial need for hydrogen but with insufficient production of hydrogen. The report will cover two different ways of transporting hydrogen gas. The first one is intermodal transport of tubes (hydrogen gas) or tanks (cryogenic hydrogen), and the second one is through pipelines. The report will also investigate two different ways of storing hydrogen, as a cryogenic liquid or as a compressed gas. The report will also investigate the production of intermodal commodities for compressed hydrogen gas where a material selection will be made to optimise the possibilities to store and transport hydrogen gas. The material selection analysis showed that a duplex stainless steel was the best material for hydrogen gas tubes. From the result, it is clear that compressed hydrogen gas in tube containers is the cheapest transport method with respect to both Operational Expenses (OpEx) and Capital Investment Expenses (CapEx).