“When you see me, weep” : The archaeology of the hunger stones of Europe.

Abstract: This thesis investigates the phenomenon of hunger stones and their resurgence due to climate change-induced droughts, shedding light on their evolving societal significance. The initial focus lies on understanding the origins of the term and exploring how humanity has historically adapted to and remembered climatic transformations. A noteworthy aspect of this research revolves around the role of various objects worldwide serving as mnemonic devices, alongside a consideration of distinct cultural perceptions of time. Special emphasis is given to hunger stones that gained broad attention through social and traditional media in August 2022, owing to the droughts and their ominous inscriptions. It is posited that these stones likely served as hydrological markers or epigraphical reminders during periods of low water levels. The thesis delves into the approximately 900-year-old history of these stones in Europe, examining a range of hunger stones, beginning with the most renowned one located in Děčín, northern Czechia. Comparisons are made to other hydrological markers from around the globe, including Egypt's Nilometers and the intriguing White Crane Ridge in China. Furthermore, contemporary climate change is discussed, and the research explores potential parallels with past climatic conditions, concentrating on rivers as both physical and societal artefacts. In examining the relationship between humans and their environment, the thesis evaluates the effects of this relationship on human food systems, highlighting how the quest for food security has frequently led to the demise of cultures and species. A significant part of this research is devoted to examining memory, transitioning from tangible memory to social memory, and exploring the evolution of landscapes due to religious and other cultural developments.The concluding part of the thesis provides an analysis of how humans have dealt with food scarcity and their attempts to relay these struggles to future generations. It posits that the hunger stones serve as custodians of memory, maintaining relevance despite shifting interpretations over time.