Exploring the effect of different hints on flow state in Virtual Reality

Abstract: Flow state is a state of intense focus and engagement, which is fulfilling for people experiencing it and therefore generally sought-after by creators of virtual games and experiences. Virtual Reality (VR) is known to be one of the most immersive technologies available today. As such, it has great potential to foster flow state in its users. This work tries to determine which design characteristics favor flow the most, with regard to providing guidance to the user. In particular, this research examines whether in a VR escape room, text hints or glowing cues are more effective to foster feelings of flow. The research process included design and implementation of the VR escape room from the ground up, to create the perfect setting for the experiments, a VR experience in which ultimate goal and intermediate steps are precisely defined. This allows to give relevant hints every step of the experience, and to examine the effects of hints design on flow. The intensity of the resulting flow state has been evaluated through the Activity Flow State Scale (AFSS) designed by Payne et al., and qualitative data has also been gathered, from direct observation and user comments. AFSS score, duration of the VR experience, and duration estimated by the users, have been compared between the version of the VR escape room which presents hints as text prompts and the one in which relevant objects glow. This data has then been connected to findings resulting from the thematic analysis of direct observation and user comments. Lastly, general insights and guidelines have been extracted, to inform designers and game developers willing to create flow-oriented VR experiences.