Analysis on the Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Electricity Grid with Photovoltaics Deployment in Sweden

Abstract: Increasing  environmental  pressure  makes  it  significantly  important  to  improve  the share  of  renewable  energy  source  in  terms  of  sustainable  development.  Photovoltaic  (PV)  cells are one of the most promising technologies at present for utilizing solar radiation. However,  the large  scale  of  PV  penetration  with  its  character  of  intermittency  may  cause  problems  for  the power system and requires a more complex power system control. Self-consumption is a feasible solution to reduce the negative impact of PV on the power system. On the other hand, Plugged-in electric vehicle which could get charged by the electricity from the grid is a potential load for the general household in the future since the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) is critical for building  a  fossil-fuel  independent  transportation.  The  aim  of  the  project  is  to  investigate  the effect on the power consumption profile when adding PV generation and electric vehicle load, as well  as  whether  the  introduction  of  electric  vehicle  will  help  improve  the  matching  between electricity consumption and PV generation. This study is done on both an individual household scale and a national scale. Conclusion from the simulation is that home-charged EV accounts for a  great  deal  of  energy  consumption  for  a  single  household  and  it  could  improve  the  national energy  consumption  to  some  extent  if  largely  introduced  into  the  power  system.  In  addition, Home-charged EV without strategic control does not improve self-consumption of PV either for a single household or on a national scale.