Harnessing Hydrogen and Batteries: Hybrid Energy Storage System for Versatile and Profitable Renewable Power Production

Abstract: This thesis explores the integration of hydrogen and battery energy storage systems as a means to enhance the management of wind and solar power in the pursuit of a greener grid. The objective of the study is to identify the potential benefits and challenges associated with hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) and their role in renewable energy integration. The thesis begins with a literature review, examining the energy system and markets, wind and solar power production, hydrogen energy storage system (H2ESS), and battery energy storage (BESS). This review serves as a foundation for the subsequent analysis and simulation. A simulation method is employed to evaluate the performance and techno-economic aspects of the HESS. The OpenModelica software is used to model power generation, energy storage systems, grid infrastructure, and other relevant components. An operational strategy for the HESS is developed, including a Scheduler algorithm, which is making decisions based on market patterns, and a Controller algorithm, which assures technical functionality and makes the renewable variable power production plannable. The economic decisions are made by the scheduler to maximise profit by either producing hydrogen, storing electricity, or delivering electricity to the grid. This is based on whichever market is momentarily most profitable. The scheduler dynamically adjusts the operation of the energy storage system to exploit price fluctuations and optimise revenue generation. The techno-economic dimensioning method is utilised to assess the economic viability of the storage solution. Investment appraisal is conducted at various levels, including system, solar power plant, battery, electrolyser and hydrogen storage, and fuel cell levels. A simple optimisation process is employed to determine the optimal dimensions of the storage solution. The results of the simulation and techno-economic analysis provide valuable insights. They demonstrate the potential of a HESS in improving the utilisation of renewable energy resources, enhancing grid stability, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The optimised HESS configuration offers a promising approach for future investments in renewable energy systems. The discussion section highlights the implications of the findings, including the implications for investments in renewable energy and the potential for future market and technological developments. Furthermore, it identifies areas for further research to advance the understanding and implementation of HESS in the transition to a greener grid. Overall, this thesis contributes to the ongoing efforts towards a sustainable and renewable energy future by investigating the role of HESSs in effectively managing wind and solar power, thereby facilitating the integration of clean energy into the grid.