Tensions Emerging When Incorporating Sustainability in Projects : Sustainable Project Management in the Context of the Swedish Construction Industry

Abstract: As sustainability and sustainable development becomes increasingly important on levels from individual to global scale, there is a need for everybody to do their part. The construction industry has a huge impact on all three pillars of sustainability and thus, has to adapt to facilitate sustainable development in their practices. Facilitating and incorporating sustainability can be attempted in many ways, among which sustainable project management is one alternative. This thesis aims to explore opinions and experiences of project managers in the Swedish construction industry connected to sustainability, with focus on the tensions and reactions that emerge when incorporating sustainability in projects. This will be realised by replicating the article “The Paradoxical Profession: Project Management and the Contradictory Nature of Sustainable Project Objectives” by Sabini and Alderman (2021). To facilitate an understanding of fundamental concepts and the subject, a literature overview was conducted. Empirical data was obtained through semi-structured interviews, analysed in accordance with the Gioia methodology and discussed using paradox theory and a tension framework. The findings show that project managers face various tensions as well as reactions connected to the incorporation of sustainability in projects. While four tensions and six reactions emerged from the analysis, most of the described problems stem from a deficit of knowledge or project and industry constraints. The largest differences between the findings of Sabini and Alderman (2021) and this thesis are attributed to the time difference between when the interviews were held as well as the change of context. Despite the emergent tensions and reactions, the overall attitude regarding sustainability among the respondents was positive and they gave examples of sustainable practices already in place as well as shared ideas for future improvement. These indicated that most project managers have a business case frame mindset as opposed to a paradoxical frame, seeking to eliminate any tensions that emerge. Additionally, the findings indicated that expanding knowledge regarding sustainability would most likely be the largest aid in the incorporation of sustainability in projects, for example through an industry wide knowledge base.