Challenges and Solutions: CSOs’ Support for Ukrainian Refugees in Labor Market Integration in Sweden

Abstract: In this thesis, I discuss the difficulties Ukrainian refugees face in accessing and integrating into the Swedish labor market, the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Sweden with regard to the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees, and the policy hindrance and CSOs’ limitation in achieving their goal for Ukrainian refugees. This thesis gathers qualitative data using semi-structured interviews with Ukrainian refugees, CSO and municipality representatives, followed by a thematic analysis of the data. The results of the analysis show that the difficulties that Ukrainian refugees face in their new country are related to both a lack of human capital—such as knowledge of the language, education, and work experience—and a lack of social capital—such as connections to the local population and Ukrainian communities. The shortage of both types of capital can result in poor mental conditions, making it difficult for refugees to look for employment and integrate into the local labor market. To cope with the issues, CSOs provide a range of activities and services that cater to the needs of refugees by adopting flexible and tailored approaches. The potential for refugee integration in the labor market, however, is also negatively impacted by unfavorable policies and legislation in terms of employment support and refugees’ legal status, as well as the restrictive nature of CSOs’ experiences and know-how.