The Battle of Words. Uncovering the Narratives of the Conflict in Ukraine

Abstract: What if the true battleground lies not in the physical confrontations but in the complex realm of narratives? This study explores the use of narratives employed by Vladimir Putin and Volodymyr Zelenskyy while shedding light on their techniques and the construction of competing narratives in the context of the conflict in Ukraine. Drawing on narrative theory and Philip Smith's narrative genres, the study aims to examine the leaders’ competing understandings and their use of emotions and notions of threat in relation to the Ukrainian conflict. The research problem revolves around the role of political discourse in the narrative construction and legitimation of war. Through a comparative narrative analysis of Putin and Zelenskyy’s public speeches, the study attempts to examine how they construct their objectivity, legitimacy, and appeal to cultural and historical aspects to frame their narratives. The findings highlight the contrasting points of view and strategic framing, with Putin emphasising Russian exceptionalism, historical kinship, and resistance to Western hegemony through character moral polarisation, while Zelenskyy focuses on presenting and encouraging unity, resilience, and the fight for justice. By unravelling the narrative strategies employed by the leaders, the study sheds light on the power dynamics, ideological contests, and cultural dimensions at play in the Ukrainian conflict. In particular, it emphasises how the portrayal of threat and emotion work together in their narratives. The findings are significant in advancing our understanding of the role of these political leaders who use storytelling techniques to influence public opinion, construct collective identities, and justify their actions in times of this crisis.