Beyond the Canvas: A Mixed Methods Study of Awe-Experiences in Virtual Reality Featuring Abstract and Figurative Art

Abstract: Purpose: This thesis delves into the dynamic relation between awe and art, specifically focusing on abstract versus representational art within immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environments. Prompted by the expansion of awe research since Keltner and Haidt’s seminal work (2003) and the research gap on art and VR, this study explores whether the level of abstraction in art influences the intensity of the awe experience. Inspired by the Construal Level Theory (CLT) and the recognized awe-inducing potential of VR, we comparatively measured awe experiences after two immersive VR artworks: the abstract Hilma af Klint: The Temple and the figurative Art Plunge. Method: Utilizing the Awe Experience Questionnaire (AWE-S) and a repeated measures design in combination with semi-structured written reflections, we evaluated in a convenience sample (n=49) whether an abstract, immersive art experience in VR elicited greater awe than similar, figurative content. Additionally, we evaluated the possible influence of familiarity with the art and personal art preferences on the awe experience. Results: There was no significant difference in awe between abstract and figurative art in VR; a result consistent across all six factors underlying the AWE-S. However, preference for abstract art correlated with the general awe experience, underscoring the role of individual predispositions. The research thus concludes that there is seemingly no relationship between level of abstraction in art and awe-experience, but invites further exploration.