Acceptance of travel demand management measures. : Differences between households, politicians, and bureaucrats

Abstract: Several countries want to reduce carbon emissions by reducing private car use through travelemand management (TDM) measures. Citizens' acceptance of these, and its predictors are welldddocumented, but the same cannot be said for politicians' and bureaucrats' acceptance. This studylooked at households, politicians, and bureaucrats in Sweden. A questionnaire assessed theiracceptance of three TDM measures, as well as the influence of the measures' perceivede ect veness and fairness on acceptance. Bureaucrats perceived push (coercive) measures as moreeffffffectiiive, fair, and acceptable than the other groups did. Bureaucrats were also less influenced bytheir perception of push measures' fairness when evaluating push measures' acceptability. Goingforward, policy makers need to make sure that TDM measures are perceived as fair by all groups ifthe measures are to be successful.