Neural functional connections of pragmatics : A potential pragmatic network in development

Abstract: Pragmatic ability is crucial in everyday interactions. In populations of neurotypical individuals, pragmatic skill varies greatly. The neural mechanisms behind the variety, and the neural development of pragmatics remain to be explained. The present study aims to deepen the understanding of pragmatics’ neural basis, by investigating the functional connectivity (FC) between two pragmatically interesting brain clusters during a pragmatic task. The investigated clusters, located in the bilateral, dorsal precuneus and in the left superior inferior parietal cortex were found by Bendtz et al. (2022) to have higher activity for young adults with high pragmatic skill compared to young adults with low pragmatic skill. Mahal (2022) found that the clusters were more functionally connected for the high skilled group during rest. In this study, fMRI data acquired during a pragmatic task was used to analyze the FC between the beforementioned clusters and compare two groups of young adults, one with high pragmatic skill (n = 25) and one with low pragmatic skill (n = 24). The groups of young adults were also compared with a group of 16 - 18 year old adolescents (n = 12). The results revealed higher FC for the high skilled group in both analyses, where the difference between the high skilled group and the adolescents was significant (p=.02). FC-values did not correlate with age in neither age group. The results are suggested to reflect (1) a neural development of pragmatics in adolescence towards a potential pragmatic network that involve increased functional connections between two clusters previously identified as possible neural markers of pragmatic individual variation, and (2) a possible window of opportunity for pragmatic development during adolescence.