Essays about: "counterfactual assessment"

Found 4 essays containing the words counterfactual assessment.

  1. 1. Restriction by Object: A Restriction Based Purely on Experience or Also on Effects?

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska fakulteten; Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionen

    Author : Joar Lindén; [2021]
    Keywords : EU law; EU competition law; competition law; restriction by object; by object restriction; by object types of collusion; anti-competitive object; restriction by effect; context; economic and legal context; counterfactual assessment; Law and Political Science;

    Abstract : Article 101 TFEU prohibits agreements between undertakings that restrict competition either by object or effect. Restricting competition by object or effect are alternative conditions. Problematically, both the concept of a restriction by object and its relation to restrictions by effect are obscure. READ MORE

  3. 2. The Failing Firm Defence: Are the Failing Firm Defence Criteria Formal Conditions or a Tool to Help Assess Overall Effects of a Merger?

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionen; Lunds universitet/Juridiska fakulteten

    Author : Frosti Haraldsson; [2019]
    Keywords : Failing Firm Defence; Merger Control; Competition Law; Law and Political Science;

    Abstract : The failing firm defence is an exception to the underlying philosophy of merger control. When the failing firm defence is applied successfully mergers that have anti-competitive effects are approved, due to the fact that the competitive structure would deteriorate in a similar fashion in the absence of the merger. READ MORE

  4. 3. Assessing the relationship between certifications and farm sustainability : a study of short marketing channels and farmers’ perceptions in Catalonia

    University essay from SLU/Dept. of People and Society

    Author : Miquel Saludas Cohi; [2016]
    Keywords : sustainability; SAFA; DSRP; participatory guarantee systems; agroecology; Catalonia;

    Abstract : The use of voluntary policies with the form of certifications or guarantee systems together with Short Marketing Channels seem a consolidated system aiming at ‘resocialize’ and ‘relocalize’ food chain actors which upon a sustainable food system must be built. In the organic food certifications two different approaches coexist in Catalonia, the European organic third-party certification (CCPAE) and a regional Participatory Guarantee System (PGS). READ MORE

  5. 4. Social business– Value (f)or money? : A discussion about methods to evaluate enterprises on the border between the private sector, the public sector and civil society.

    University essay from Nationalekonomiska institutionen

    Author : Sten Strom; [2012]
    Keywords : Social business; impact assessment; financial sustainability; monetised indicators; anecdotal analyses;

    Abstract : In this thesis, different ways to evaluate social business are compared and discussed.The relatively new concept “social business” is used to describe a private sector enterprise, the purpose of which is not primarily to maximise profit but to achieve a social mission. READ MORE