Carbon Capture for Biomass Combustion

Abstract: In order to limit global warming, bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) technologies are getting increased attention. To meet emission scenarios, an estimated 4000 carbon capture plants are expected to be required by 2030, indicating that progress in carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment is currently lagging behind expectation. Therefore novel technologies for carbon capture and storage are needed. In this work, the suitability of a novel system for carbon capture, researched at the Department of Chemical Engineering at Lund University, is assessed at a combined heat and power (CHP) plant at Örtofta in the south of Sweden. Three main factors are investigated in order to determine suitability, which include energy demand, equipment design and cost estimation. Energy demand was calculated using energy and mass balances. Equipment design was made using models and rules of thumb. Cost estimation was estimated using correlations and literature data. Results are compared with a conventional system for carbon capture. The results show that the energy demand of the AMP/DMSO system is large. However, a majority of the heating and cooling to the system could be supplied by the district heat (DH) stream and returning stream. The system require more space than a conventional system due to the addition of a phase separation unit. This also increases the investment cost of the plant. More research is required to delve into more comprehensive process designs, explore effective CO$_2$ capture management strategies, and conduct thorough assessments of economic feasibility. Furthermore, the effects on the plant from integrating the CCS plant with the DH cycle needs to be determined. This thesis serves as a valuable guide for future endeavors, providing valuable insights into the design of a carbon capture plant.